For many organizations, such as governments, utilities, telecommunication providers, engineering .rms, and construction companies, geospatial data is critical to doing business. However, many of these organizations are not able to fully utilize their geospatial data because it is stored in many locations—desktops, .le servers, CAD (computer-aided design) servers, GIS (geographic information systems) servers, and web servers. Similar data is managed redundantly by different people and across departments—engineers, GIS specialists, and information technology (IT) personnel; each functional entity using, storing, and managing the same data in a unique way.

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